Practice Essentials Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with characteristi

Background Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) is a metabolic arthropathy caused

Background Avascular necrosis (AVN) is defined as cellular death of bone components due to in

Background Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune disorder that manifests

Practice Essentials Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common degenerative disea

Background Amyloidosis comprises of a heterogeneous group of diseases in which normally solub

Background Thoracic spine fractures, especially those resulting from high energy, can be deva

Background Spondylolisthesis refers to the forward slippage of one vertebral body with respec

Background Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA; also known as spinal muscular atrophy) is an autosomal

Background Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis is the most commonly encountered form of vertebra

Background The unique anatomy of the thoracolumbar junction predisposes this level of the spi

Background Spinal cord disease can result from diverse pathologic processes including trauma.

Practice Essentials A basic knowledge of the signs and symptoms of acute spinal cord dysfunct

Background Intramedullary spinal cord abscesses are infrequently encountered in everyday neur

Background In 1920, Scheuermann first described the clinical findings of structural thoracic

Background In 1863, separation of the odontoid process from the body of the axis was first de

BackgroundScoliosis is a common deformity in many types of neuromuscular diseases (see the image below). It is generally

Background Lumbar spondylosis, as shown in the image below, describes bony overgrowths (osteo

Background Each year, more than 150,000 persons in North America sustain fractures of the ver

Background Lumbar disc disease accounts for a large amount of lost productivity in the workfo