Background Injuries of the subaxial cervical spine (C3-7) are among the most common and poten

Background Kyphosis refers to the normal apical-dorsal sagittal contour of the thoracic and s

Background In 1912, Maurice Klippel and Andre Feil independently provided the first descripti

Background Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of spinal deformity confronting ortho

Background Diskitis is an inflammation of the vertebral disk space often related to infection

Background Cervical spondylosis is a common degenerative condition of the cervical spine. It

Background The intervertebral disk is a complex structure that has been the focus of much att

Background Coccygodynia (also referred to as coccydynia, coccalgia, coccygalgia, or coccygeal

Background Patients complaining of back pain after motor vehicle accidents or falls from sign

Background The upper cervical spine is defined by the two most cephalad cervical vertebrae, C

Background Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is characterized by excessive movement at the junct

Background Superior labral (labrum) lesions can cause painful mechanical symptoms and difficu

Background Shoulder dislocations account for almost 50% of all joint dislocations. Most commo

Background Shoulder dislocation is the most common large-joint dislocation seen in the emerge

Background Shoulder dislocation is documented in Egyptian tomb murals as early as 3000 BC, wi

Background Traumatic injuries of the scapula have received little attention in the literature

Background The first description of rupture of the rotator cuff tendon was by Smith in 1834.[

Background Successful treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus (ie, that portion involv

Background Although the concept of anterior shoulder instability has been described in the me

Background Multidirectional instability (MDI) is a relatively common, generally bilateral, ty