Neurosurgeons are trained in the latest surgical techniques to treat spinal disorders. Surgical procedures include discectomy, foraminotomy, laminectomy, and spinal instrumentation and fusion. Some neurosurgeons specialize in specific types of spine surgery, such as minimally invasive surgery or scoliosis surgery.

Neurosurgeons are also able to prescribe medication and refer patients for non-operative treatment, such as physical therapy and rehabilitation.