Bones form the skeleton of the body and allow the body to be supported against gravity and to move and function in the world. Bones also protect some body parts, and the bone marrow is the production center for blood products.

Bone is not a stagnant organ. It is the body's reservoir of calcium and is always undergoing change under the influence of hormones. Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by leeching calcium from bone, while calcitonin has the opposite effect, allowing bone to accept calcium from the blood.

What Causes a Fracture
Fractures commonly occur from a high impact or trauma to the bone, although some diseases can weaken bones and cause them to break. Very small cracks in the bone called stress fractures can be caused by overuse. The most common causes include:

1.High impact sports injuries
2.Traumatic, forceful and unnatural movements
3.Overuse - prolonged long-distance walking or running
4.Falls
5.Accidents
6.Osteoporosis
7.Tumors growing near the bone

The Symptoms of a Fracture
1.Out-of-place or misshapen limb or joint
2.Swelling, bruising or bleeding
3.Intense pain
4.Numbness and tingling
5.Limited mobility or inability to move a limb

Treatment for Fractures
The type of treatment will depend on the kind of fracture and the specific bones involved.
1.Casting �" After the broken bones have been manipulated back into their proper positions, a plaster or fiberglass cast is applied to keep the bones from moving while they heal.
2.External fixation �" Pins or wires are set into the bone through the skin above and below the fracture. These are connected to a ring or a bar outside the skin that holds the pins in place. After the bones have healed, the pins are removed.
3.Internal fixation �" In a surgical procedure, metal rods, wires, or screws are inserted in the bone fragments to keep them together.

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Taking care of yourself at home
Be guided by your doctor but general suggestions include:
1.Until the cast has properly set, avoid direct heat such as hot water bottles.
2.Rest the limb as much as possible to promote healing.
3.Use the techniques shown to you by nursing staff to walk or manage day-to-day activities. For example, you risk further injury if you use crutches incorrectly.
4.Avoid any lifting or driving until the fracture has healed.
5.If you experience an itch, don’t poke anything between the cast and your limb (such as a coat hanger or pencil). Instead, use a hairdryer to blow cool air into the cast.
6.Avoid getting your cast wet, as wet plaster becomes soft and does not provide the necessary support. Wet plaster can also cause skin irritation. When showering, wrap the cast in a plastic bag and tape it directly to the skin, keeping the area water-tight.
7.See your doctor immediately if you experience swelling, blueness or loss of movement of the fingers or toes, pins and needles, numbness or increased pain.