Arthritis isn’t just 1 disease; it’s a complex disorder that comprises more than 100 distinct conditions and can affect people at any stage of life. Two of the most common forms are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis is a joint disorder featuring inflammation. There are many forms of arthritis (over one hundred and growing). The forms range from those related to wear and tear of cartilage (such as osteoarthritis) to those associated with inflammation resulting from an over-active immune system (such as rheumatoid arthritis).

Forty-six million Americans report that a doctor told them they have arthritis or other rheumatic conditions. Arthritis is the most common cause of disability in the United States, limiting the activities of nearly 19 million adults. The CDC Arthritis Program is working to improve the quality of life for people affected by arthritis and other rheumatic conditions by working with states and other partners to increase awareness about appropriate arthritis self management activities and expanding the reach of programs proven to improve the quality of life for people with arthritis.

Arthritis has reached pandemic levels in the western world. About 70 million Americans nearly one in three people are reported to have it in one of its 100 varieties, ranging from the most common, osteoarthritis, to the crippling rheumatoid arthritis, and including gout and lupus. The situation is no better in Britain where unofficial estimates reckon nine out of every 10 people will suffer from it in some form before they die.

Signs and Symptoms

There are many different signs and symptoms of arthritis. If you have experienced pain, stiffness, or swelling around a joint for more than two weeks, you should visit your physician. Only a physician can determine if you are suffering from symptoms of arthritis. You need to find out which type you have in order to start the best course of arthritis treatment. These arthritis symptoms may come up suddenly or slowly over time and may also include sleeplessness, fatigue, depression, and muscle aches.

Although the severity and range of symptoms of psoriatic arthritis can vary in each person, common symptoms include:

• Stiffness, pain, swelling and tenderness of the joints and surrounding soft tissue

• Reduced range of motion

• Morning stiffness and tiredness

• Nail changes, including small indentations in the nail, called pitting, or lifting of the nail, which occurs in 80 percent of people with psoriatic arthritis

Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include:

• Joint pain

• Joint swelling

• Joints that are tender to the touch

• Red and puffy hands

• Firm bumps of tissue under the skin on your arms (rheumatoid nodules)

• Fatigue

Causes of Arthritis

Heredity: Scientists have discovered that the genetic marker HLA-DR4 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis; so, if you happen to have this gene, you're more likely to develop the disease. For example, ankylosing spondylitis is linked to the genetic marker HLA-B27, and although having this gene doesn't mean that you will absolutely get this form of arthritis, you can if conditions are right.

Tumor necrosis factor: TNF is a substance the body produces that causes inflammation and may play a part in initiating or maintaining rheumatoid arthritis. Although scientists are unsure exactly what triggers rheumatoid arthritis, they have found that drugs that counteract the effects of TNF, called TNF antagonists, are often helpful in managing the symptoms of this disease.